Africa, the second largest continent, covering about onefifth of the total land surface of earth. Subsaharan africa is, geographically, the area of the continent of africa that lies south of the. There are few situations where word choice matters more than in discussions of race and ethnicity. The identified diversities are ethnicity, culture, race, ethnicity, language, socioeconomic or class and religion. Vitamin d deficiency has been described as being pandemic, but serum 25hydroxyvitamin d 25ohd distribution data for the european union are of very variable quality. Cities of the middle east and north africa is a truly unique and fascinating resource for historical, socioeconomic, and cultural information on the major cities of the north african and arab worlds. South africa latitude, longitude, absolute and relative. The direct detrimental impact of slave trade on africa is a largescale population decline. This paper pursues an inquiry into the relationship between ethnicity and development in the largest authoritarian country in the contemporary world, the peoples republic of china.
Ethnicity and nation building in contemporary africa. Ethnic groups and boundaries by fredrik barth introduction this collection of essays addresses itself to the problems of ethnic groups and their persistence. Contrasting patterns of y chromosome and mtdna variation in africa. A map showing the four countries of the horn of africa. What this means is that the deepest splits in the human family arent between what are usually thought of as. Design and setting a populationbased, crosssectional study of adults 40 years and older conducted from september 1, 2006, through december 31, 2008, from 5 communities in tema, ghana. The slave trade and the origins of mistrust in africa. Thank you for visiting the 6th grade social studies site. I show that ethnic diversity within africa is a result of its low latitudes, the pre colonial slave trade, the creation of large. Such topics are often politicallycharged minefields of taut emotions and flared tempers.
Wolwedans dam is a concrete dam in south africa located on the great brak river near mossel bay, western cape, south africa. Western nilotic language groups include the acholi, langi, alur, and several smaller ethnic groups. Working paper series explaining african ethnic diversity lse. South africa and the democratic republic of the congo in particular are considered megadiverse countries. Countries that include parts of the sahara desert proper in their northern territories and. At the 2001 census, the final declared total for resident citizens in south africa was 44,819,778. The study demonstrated ethnicityspecific clustering of microbial communities in saliva and subgingival biofilms and using a machinelearning classifier, it had been possible to identify an individuals ethnicity from subgingival microbial signatures with a 100% sensitivity and 74% specificity in african american, 67 and 80% in latinos and 50. First, britain adopted a divide and rule strategy in which ethnic identities played a central role. Ghobarah, huth and russett 2004 also find ethnic diversity to be associated with lower public health spending as a percentage of gdp, and to. Subsaharan africa has a wide variety of climate zones or biomes. Page 2 of 4 activity educator materials alternatively, you may want to project the figures and examine them together as a class and then let students. Africa, theories that focus on qualities that are more common to african states than states from other regions e.
This is a theme of great, but neglected, importance to social anthropology. By january 2016, 20 centres from five continents were participating. The clustering corresponded closely with ethnicity, culture and language. Main ethnics white people live mainly in rsa, zimbabwe mugabe. Africa ethnicity africa variety of races, languages and religions important influence on economic and political affairs. However, humans have inhabited the horn of africa for thousands of years some evidence dates. Gains and losses in life expectancy at age 15 in selected african countries 19801985 to 20102015 figure 11. The burden of malaria in africa about 90% of all malaria deaths in the world today occur in africa south of the sahara. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the question.
Daniel tetteh osabukle carleton university, canada africa is a bright continent with adequate material resources for potential autocentric development but after decades of independence, africa remains the least developed continent in the world. The following table lists the latitude and longitude coordinates of major world cities in alphabetical order by city name. Theres no scientific basis for raceits a madeup label. As a contribution to this task, this data project georeferences ethnic groups around the world. All modern humans originated from africa, and we spent most of our evolution as a species together there. Prevalence of glaucoma in an urban west african population. The role of culture in africas development pambazuka news. However, the sources of this diversity remain unexplained, which is surprising in light of africas high level of ethnic. The sahel extends across all of africa at a latitude of about 10 to 15 n. Those who live in uganda constitute less than 1% of the population. The first one is the uppsala conflict data program ucdp georeferenced events dataset version 17. Practically all anthropological reasoning rests on the premise that cultural variation is discontinuous.
In terms of population density, that equated to 41. Looking closely at the map, one can see that conflicts events largely occur within murdocks ethnic boundaries. Prevalence of vitamin d deficiency among turkish, moroccan. African colonial history suggests that british colonial rule may have. The pygmies of central africa also have a very long history as a distinct group. This is an introductory course that begins with the origins of human life in. We use two data sources to construct conflict indicators. Rather than see this as an impediment to development, the continent should take advantage of this rich cultural diversity in its quest for economic development and should change the attitudes of its people towards work, interpersonal trust, time, youth and women. To determine the prevalence of glaucoma in an urban west african population of adults. The challenge of ethnicity in africa ethnicity is more than skin color or physical characteristics, more than language, song, and dance.
Evs integrated survey reports ethnicities as whiteblack. African conflict and the murdock map of ethnic boundaries. This selfidentification is voluntary and your decision to complete it will not in any way affect your employment or result in adverse treatment. According to geertz, it was only in the context of economic and poli. Ethnic groups constitute an identity as defined by outsiders who do not belong to the group but identify it as different from their own groups and by insiders. All the other populations of the world can be seen as a subset of africans every human trait found elsewhere can also be found in africa, with the exception of a few recent variations favored by the environment or. Europe is the core economic region, and north africa is the peripheral economic region.
This conceptual paper investigates areas of diversity among africans, and how can africans minimize diversity in order to forge. The 1890 census, in turn, classified the population using terms such. Humanity is born in africa, africans travel the world. Ethnicity and religion as sources of political division in africa john f. Pdf on sep 21, 2017, jose g montalvo and others published. The words braaivleis, rugby, sunshine and chevrolet come from a song in a radio and television advertisement that became very popular amongst south africans, especially the. The dam is the main source of water for the municipality of mossel bay as well as the gastoliquids refinery petrosa. Africas total land area is approximately 11,724,000 square miles 30,365,000 square km, and the continent measures about 5,000 miles 8,000 km from north to south and. Map of africa using ethnically drawn borders this map was drawn to a simple grid pattern of half an inch for each degree of latitude and longitude and the british sign language or bsl is the sign language that is used widely by the people in the united kingdom. Third, we will see that both nationalism and ethnicity in africa share a common origin and focus on grasping control of the state apparatus that reinforces rather than undermines the salience of the nationstate. This is because the majority of infections in africa are caused by plasmodium falciparum.
This study evaluates the relative divisiveness of ethnicity and religion as political identities in west africa. It is even referred to as the dark continent and african peoples no. When colonists came to the new world, they found a land that did not need discovering since it was already occupied. Eastern africa consists largely of plateaus and has most of the highest elevations in the continent. Africa, the secondlargest continent, is bounded by the mediterranean sea, the red sea, the indian ocean, and the atlantic ocean. This discussion hinges on the notion that subsaharan africa s development problems cannot be divorced from the negative ramifications of ethnicity. It has a dry winter season and a wet summer season. The two most striking highlands are in ethiopia and kenya, respectively, where large areas reach elevations of 6,500 to 10,000 feet 2,000 to 3,000 metres. It is not clear that ethnicity by itself generates conflict or that it is inherently threatening. Ethnic integration and development in china sciencedirect.
Now, before one jumps to the conclusion that all conflict in africa is ethnically motivated, conflict events often occur near rivers or state boundaries that are set by rivers so it is no surprise that these maps might match up. Ethnicity, cultural diversity and poverty are as much part of south african society as braaivleis, rugby, sunshine and chevrolet. You can see from this map alone, how diverse africa is not only as a continent but as individual countries as well. Latitude and longitude of worlds largest cities infoplease. Contrasting patterns of y chromosome and mtdna variation. The question of the place and role of race, class and ethnicity has been. South africans cheer at a world cup game in johannesburg. While ethnic diversity in africa has been traced to factors such as low latitudes, the precolonial slave trade, the creation of large colonial states. Africa is a vast continent with diversity of cultures. Lines of latitude are measured from zero to 90 degrees north latitude. Tribalism and ethnicity in africa 307 african and asian states, which combines primordialist and historical political arguments has been particularly influential, however. As of 2016, the total population of africa is estimated at 1. Influence of geolocation and ethnicity on the phenotypic. Africa is the secondlargest and second most populous continent on earth with an estimated population in 2016 of 1.
For more world locations, use the find latitude and longitude tool. With the highest number of successful information technology companies in africa, cape town is an important centre for the industry on the continent. Results the vitamin d status of immigrant populations in. Located south of the equator, on the southern tip of africa, south africa is in both the eastern and southern hemispheres. It is the embodiment of values, institutions, and patterns of behavior, a composite whole representing a peoples historical experience, aspirations, and world view. African countries united nations economic commission for africa.
Once they start, conflicts and wars in africa tend to last many years before peace is restored. Horowitz decades after the recognition that ethnicity is a powerful force in the politics of many countries, with profound effects on prospects for democracy horowitz 1993. Even small mistakes can be distracting and even unintentionally insultingthings serious writers. Rather less attention has been paid, however, to the conceptual relationships between the human groups defined through such analyses, in africa and elsewhere. Africa action rethinking the use of tribe in the african context can support a discourse on africa grounded in african realities that escapes the intellectual laziness of a term that has no coherent meaning. Media in category old maps of africa the following 200 files are in this category, out of 211 total. Its limits will however become immediately obvious for it does not attempt to provide a detailed and exhaustive analysis of these concepts and socioeconomic and political dimensions in south africa. Jul 24, 2018 the horn of africa is a peninsula in northeast africa. Apply theories of intergroup relations, race, and ethnicity to different subordinate groups. As a government contractor, latitude 36 is required to invite applicants to selfidentify their gender, race and ethnicity. Together they comprise about 15% of the population. If we go by nnolis position, tribalism which has to do with a tribe is only an element that could constitute ethnicity hence ethnicity in this case is wider in context than tribalism. Latitude and longitude lines of latitude are measured north and south of the equator. Compare and contrast the different experiences of various ethnic groups in the united states.
Fourth, i argue that neoliberal reforms of the state and market have led to significant political. The impact of slave trade on current civil conflict in sub. Annex 4 who subregions by latitude the population of each region was divided according to 10 degree bands of latitude 010, 1020, 2030, 3040, 4050, 5060, 6070. Differing for better application dental press j orthod 122 2010 mayjune. Conflict and state security in the horn of africa 43 1981 to resist authoritarianism and brutality against the deprived people. The african ejournals project has digitized full text of. I show that ethnic diversity within africa is a result of its low latitudes, the precolonial slave trade, the creation of large. Global voices stands out as one of the earliest and strongest examples of how media committed to building community and defending human rights can positively influence how people experience events happening beyond their own communities and national borders please consider making a donation to help us continue this work.
The kakwa occupy a region of extreme northwestern uganda that borders southern sudan and northeastern zaire. The african majority is composed of many different ethnic groups, the largest of which are zulu, xhosa, tswana, and bapedi. In the east, malaria is endemic in madagascar, in the comoro islands both the islamic federal republic of the comoros and the french territorial collectivity of mayotte, 1. Summary statistics summary statistics for the slave trade and trust variables are reported in table 11. North africa can supply labor and oil, has high levels of unemployment, and suffers from poor economic conditions. You can use this page to access homework assignments, cool geography websites, and upcoming assessments dates. Both ethnic political movements and territorial nationalism in africa are of the same recent historical origins. The burden of malaria in africa distribution of endemic malaria. African countries with the worst indicator 12 figure 10. Negroes largest racial group, most of the continent south of the sahara.
This is not the case, however, in latin america, where characteristics typically used to distinguish between ethnic groups are racial in nature. Perhaps the most striking result of this research has been cavallisforza, menozzi, and piazzas the history and geography of human genes. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. The failure of the opposition to fill the power vacuum left behind by siad barre after his flight into exile in 1991 marked the beginning of disintegration of somalia. Gender differences in life expectancy at age 15 for selected african countries 20102015 14 figure 12. This is an oversimplified crash course in why race and ethnicity and ancestry in general are usually screwy concepts to use as classifiers of people on wikipedia. This is true, for example, in africa, where racial or physical criteria are seldom used to dene ethnic groups. Geography, ethnicity or subsistencespecific variations in.
Today, we know the countries of the horn of africa as djibouti, ethiopia, eritrea, and somalia. According to geertz, it was only in the context of economic and poli tical modemization that ethnicity became a virulent idiom for defen. Currently, africa has 54 sovereign states with diversity amongst them and their people or citizenry. It is divided in half almost equally by the equator. Evidence for selection human evolution revised april 2018. We show that ethnic diversity within africa is a result of its low latitudes, the pre colonial slave trade, the creation of large colonial states and low levels of. Ethnicity, cultural diversity and poverty in south africa. Strict division of south africans by race, ethnicity, and nationality was for years one of the countrys most unwanted claims to fame. Structure and strategy in ethnic conflict donald l.
In this paper we argue that anyone concerned with truth and accuracy should avoid the term tribe in. Jun 23, 2017 the study demonstrated ethnicity specific clustering of microbial communities in saliva and subgingival biofilms and using a machinelearning classifier, it had been possible to identify an individuals ethnicity from subgingival microbial signatures with a 100% sensitivity and 74% specificity in african american, 67 and 80% in latinos and 50. Twin parallel rift valleys that are part of the east african rift system run through the. The population of those countries which fitted neatly into a latitude band were summed. From the tragedy of africa to social problems of american cities, the effects of racial. And lowincome nations coming out of conflict situations usually have. Ethnic diversity and economic performance harvard dash. Peoples of africa an ethnolinguistic atlas of africa edited by marc leo felix, director of the congo basin art history research center, brussels. This dataset was created as part of the africamap project by scanning and georeferencing the peoples of africa atlas by marc felix. Wikipedia is a bad place to engage in labelling that isnt absolutely integral to international public perception of the subject. Hannah rosen, jayati lal, jim hansell, and jane hassinger, among others, helped me to think more critically, and to make the connections between feminist theories, scholarship, and.
In what way does ethnicity play a role in geography answers. South africa population 2020 demographics, maps, graphs. Rather than see this as an impediment to development, the continent should take advantage of this rich cultural diversity in its quest for economic development and should change the attitudes of its people. We show that ethnic diversity within africa is a result of its low latitudes, the precolonial slave trade, the creation of large colonial states and low levels of. Relying on maps and data drawn from the classical soviet atlas narodov mira, the georeferencing of ethnic groups greg dataset employs geographic information systems gis to represent group territories as polygons. Extremely detailed ethnolinguistic map of africa and surrounding regions map of africa using ethnically drawn borders this map was drawn to a simple grid pattern of half an inch for each degree of latitude and longitude and.
Other lines of latitude are called parallels because they are parallel to the equator. South africas population of forty million is threequarters black african and about 15% white european, with the remaining 10% comprised of people of mixed white, malayan, and black descent and people of asian mostly indian descent. Ethnicity and religion as sources of political division in africa. Africas physical geography, environment and resources, and human geography can be considered separately. Ethnicity climate precipitation vegetation physical political knowledge map of columbuss time map of the world today gis geographic information systems place names formosa, taiwan, republic of china palestine, israel, west bank, gaza boundaries africa.